Introduction to Instrumentation, Sensors, and Process Control by William C. Dunn
Industrial process control was originally performed manually by operators using their senses of sight and feel, making the control totally operator dependent. Industrial process control has gone through several revolutions and has evolved into the complex modern-day microprocessor-controlled system. Today’s technology revolutions have made it possible to measure parameters deemed impossible to measure only a few years ago, and has made improvements in accuracy, control, and waste reduction. This reference manual was written to provide the reader with a clear, concise, and up-to-date text for understanding today’s sensor technology, instrumentation, and process control. It gives the details in a logical order for everyday use, making every effort to provide only the essential facts.
The book is directed towards industrial control engineers, specialists in physical parameter measurement and control, and technical personnel, such as project managers, process engineers, electronic engineers, and mechanical engineers. If more specific and detailed information is required, it can be obtained from vendor specifications, application notes, and references given at the end of each chapter. A wide range of technologies and sciences are used in instrumentation and process control, and all manufacturing sequences use industrial control and instrumentation. This reference manual is designed to cover the aspects of industrial instrumentation, sensors, and process control for the manufacturing of a cost-effective, high quality, and uniform end product.
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Chapter 1 provides an introduction to industrial instrumentation, and Chapter 2 introduces units and standards covering both English and SI units. Electronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are extensively used in sensors and process control and are covered in Chapters 3 through 6. The various types of sensors used in the measurement of a wide variety of physical variables, such as level, pressure, flow, temperature, humidity, and mechanical measurements, are discussed in Chapters 7 through 12. Regulators and actuators, which are used for controlling pressure, flow, and other input variables to a process, are discussed in Chapter 13. Industrial processing is computer controlled, and Chapter 14 introduces the programmable logic controller.
Sensors are temperature-sensitive and nonlinear and have to be conditioned. These sensors, along with signal transmission, are discussed in Chapter 15. Chapter 16 discusses different types of process control action, and the use of pneumatic and electronic controllers for sensor signal amplification and control.
Finally, Chapter 17 introduces documentation as applied to instrumentation and control, together with standard symbols recommended by the Instrument Society of America for use in instrumentation control diagrams Every effort has been made to ensure that the text is accurate, easily readable, and understandable. Both engineering and scientific units are discussed in the text. Each chapter contains examples for clarification, definitions, and references. A glossary is given at the end of the text.
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