Chemical Reaction Engineering beyond the Fundamentals by L.K. Doraiswamy and Deniz Uner pdf.
Chemical Reaction Engineering beyond the Fundamentals by L.K. Doraiswamy and Deniz Uner | Engineering Books.
Academically oriented books can broadly be placed under three categories: undergraduate texts, advanced books in broad areas/disciplines, and monographs in specific areas. Chemical engineering is no exception. In this important area, more specifically its most expansive component, chemical reaction engineering (CRE), what is missing is a “textbook” for graduate-level teaching to twenty-first-century graduate students. The question arises: Should there be a text at all for any graduate course? One can argue both for and against following a single textbook for a graduate course. So we would like, at the outset, to state our purpose in writing this book. Our objective is to create a book that spans the extremes of an undergraduate text and a highly advanced book that does not even remotely revisit the undergraduate material. Stated differently, it may be regarded as a ramp connecting the two levels, increasingly encompassing the higher level but stopping appropriately short. It should prepare graduate students for the needs of twenty-first-century chemical engineering research and technology.
To accomplish this objective, several factors had to be seriously considered: language and format; striking a balance between crossing the t’s and dotting the i’s, on the one hand, and letting the student do most of it, on the other hand; giving problems as home assignments with precise solutions along with a solution manual (assumed to be miraculously out of the students’ reach); and including some recent additions to the well-traversed repertoire of CRE as well as a few nontraditional areas as fresh infusions into this highly absorptive area. We shall see how a consideration of these factors resulted in the structure and the format in which this book has finally emerged. Undergraduate texts are for the complete beginner. They must drive home the basic principles unambiguously with no room for interpretation or mistaken understanding. Every detail must be explained and computational methods clearly illustrated. Only the most important books and publications need to be referred, with emphasis on language and illustration that would ensure utter clarity of the foundational building blocks of the area. Problems worked out in the text or assigned as homework should mostly, if not always, have only a single solution. We make a point of this because, as one moves up the complexity scale, alternative solutions depending on different physical pictures and use of different correlations increasingly come into play. Books to address this situation belong to a different category and must conform to the level and needs of students cutting their first teeth at the graduate level.
Undergraduate texts in CRE are strong in homogeneous reactions and gas–solid reactions where the solid is a catalyst, with rapidly decreasing attention to gas–liquid, gas–liquid–solid (slurry), and gas–solid reactions where the solid is a reactant. Varying degrees of attention are given to the question of nonideality and its role in reactor performance. Experimental methods for collecting basic kinetic data and simple statistical methods for analyzing them also form part of the undergraduate curriculum. Rigorous methods of treating complex reactions are avoided. Also, due to the limitations in context, very little attention is given to emerging methods and newer concepts.
So, as students get their first taste of a graduate course in CRE, they are normally well grounded in the elements of it, thanks to the excellent books that are available. A survey of the literature shows that there are many good books on certain advanced aspects of CRE as well, which have been catering to the needs of a graduate program in CRE. We would like to mention, in particular, the 1985 book Chemical Reactor Analysis by Gilbert Froment and Kenneth Bischoff and its 3rd edition in 2010, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design with Juray De Wilde as the third author. This new edition addresses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a few other related tools of CRE. Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design Fundamentals by J.B. Rawlings and J.G. Ekerdt entered the field with well-presented emphasis on the use of computers in the design and analysis of chemical reactors but still essentially at the undergraduate level. During the many years that we have taught CRE at both the undergraduate and graduate levels in the United States, India, and Turkey, we noticed that no book particularly suited as a first year graduate text in CRE is available. The requirements of such a book, which may loosely be regarded as intermediate between an undergraduate text and an advanced book that takes all undergraduate material for granted, may be stated as follows:
• There should be a distinct connectivity with what the students learned as undergraduate juniors/seniors.
• The format of the book should be different from that of a typical undergraduate text, in that spoonfeeding must be minimized, and full solutions to a problem should not always be given—leaving it open in some cases for alternative solutions to be suggested by the students.
• Attenuated explanations should be adequate in many, if not all, cases, leaving it to the students to supply the rest.
• Derivations for important equations should be fully given; for other associated equations, only the final solutions need be presented, with all the equations for a given class of situations, such as for gas–liquid reactions under different conditions, consolidated in tabular form. Students should be encouraged to derive those equations (as home assignments).
• Chapter-end exercises should span the whole range of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives: knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and even valuation. These problems will give the student a feeling for the stage of his/ her learning. As desirable in a graduate level text, we emphasize the higher-level skills associated with analysis, synthesis, and evaluation in a limited number of open-ended chapter-end “Explore yourself” problems. We decided to provide up-to-date problems and self-paced learning modules at the website of the book at www.metu.edu.tr/~uner in a continuously updated fashion.
• Students are seldom exposed to analyses/equations for cases not described in the book. This situation should be specifically addressed by including representative equations as exercises in derivation under on-line learning modules.
The format of the book has been designed to accommodate all these features. The material is divided into three parts, comprising a total of 17 chapters.
Part I: Fundamentals Revisited is devoted to a recapitulation of the salient features of the undergraduate course in CRE. The material is recast, wherever needed, in a format that would easily dovetail into the more advanced chapters to follow. Still, we introduce the concepts of mixing, unsteady-state operations, multiple steady states, and complex reactions in this part as they are fundamental to the design of reactors in a world driven by emphasis on high selectivity, raw material economy, and green engineering.
Part II: Building on Fundamentals is dedicated, if we may, to skill building, especially in the area of catalysis and catalytic reactions. This part covers chemical thermodynamics with special emphasis on the thermodynamics of adsorption and complex reactions; a brief section on the fundamentals of chemical kinetics, with special emphasis on microkinetic.
plored territories as the cell as a
chemical reactor. While writing the book, we deliberated at length on whether to focus on a single computational tool, or opt for more. The final decision was to keep the learner, and also the instructor, free to choose any computational tool of their preference and not to limit them to one of our choice. This might tend to somewhat limit the span of some of our examples, but we have remained loyal to the central philosophy of the book: to point out the vast territory and prod the learner to learn more—and explore.
We attempt in this book a unique approach toward examples. Instead of giving many brief examples embedded in texts within chapters, we give elaborate accounts of technologies and designs as INTERLUDES between chapters. Some of the interludes are laden with plenty of questions for the learner to answer—and learn. Some interludes are fully solved design problems. This, we believe, will give the reader and the instructor great flexibility between covering the background on a subject and covering an example in sufficient detail.
As with any other book, this too comes, no doubt, with its own share of merits and demerits; we worked hard to have more of the former and less of the latter, but still the final judgment must rest with the user. We would be glad to have any errors brought to our attention. And finally, the broad objective of this book has been to provide the student, particularly the advanced learner, with a new perspective of Chemical Reaction Engineering: Beyond the Fundamentals—coupled with the incentive and the wherewithal to transition from solving close-ended problems to exploring open-ended ones. The extent to which this has happened would be a fitting measure of our success.
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